As the quantum computing industry continues to evolve, it’s only natural that quantum incubators start appearing. How do investors like this choose what technologies to back in early stages? We look at the choices being made by one such investor, Spectral Capital. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Sean Brehm on graphene quantum dots, a quantum blockchain, and algorithms with wide use cases.  
For more information on Spectral Capital, visit www.spectralcapital.com/.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.            
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

What better way to celebrate four years and 100 episodes of The Post-Quantum World than to talk about an achievement we’ve all been waiting for. If you’ve been watching quantum news feeds, you might have heard of the D-Wave supremacy paper published in Science. Using an Advantage 2 system, D-Wave has performed a useful task for materials science faster and with less power consumption than a classical supercomputer. Researchers have tried to challenge this, but the results seem to be holding up. Has the team at D-Wave really done it? Are quantum computers finally passing the threshold into true utility? Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat about this remarkable achievement with CEO Alan Baratz and CDO Trevor Lanting from D-Wave.  
For more on D-Wave, visit www.dwavesys.com/.  
Read the Science paper: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6285.   
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.           
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

Migrating to post-quantum cryptography across an organization will take time. But while you are replacing every cipher to defend against the threat side of quantum computing, you may also want to add systems that bring new functionality and come with PQC out of the gate. Imagine a mobile messaging app like WhatsApp, but with NIST-approved ML-KEM under the hood and enterprise-grade controls. From hospitals dodging ransomware to finance professionals sharing secrets in quantum-proof chats, customers are already using this tool. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a chat with Anurag Lal from NetSfere.  
For more information on NetSfere, visit www.netsfere.com/.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.         
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

Quantum computing needs low-overhead error correction to truly scale. Building thousands of qubits to end up with a couple of useful logical ones feels like a bad strategy. Photonic recently published a paper describing a new type of error correction code that promises a 20x reduction in the number of qubits needed to run quantum algorithms that solve real business problems. Are these so-called SHYPS QLDPC codes the path to fault-tolerant systems? Will they help multiple types of quantum chips from other vendors get there? Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a chat about error correction and more with Stephanie Simmons from Photonic.  
For more information on Photonic, visit https://photonic.com/.  
Read the technical paper “Computing Efficiently in QLDPC Codes”: https://photonic.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Computing-Efficiently-in-QLDPC-Codes.pdf.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.       
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

Quantum computing will never be the same again. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a special onsite interview at Microsoft Azure Quantum labs, where he was invited to see the launch of Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum processor powered by topological qubits. On the day this episode is posted, Nature will release a paper validating how Microsoft was able to create a topoconductor, or new material stack of indium arsenide and aluminum, built literally one atom at a time, to bring quantum particles called Majoranas into usable form. The resulting topological qubits have a unique shape called a tetron and can be accurately measured with lower errors than other modalities. Starting with a 4x2 grid of qubits, this same tiny device will hold 1 million qubits in a few years because of its unique system of wiring and measurement. This interview with Chetan Nayak from Microsoft happened a few feet away from a working Majorana 1 system.  
For more information on Microsoft Azure Quantum, visit https://quantum.microsoft.com/.   Read the technical blog here: https://aka.ms/MSQuantumAQBlog.  
For photos from the Microsoft labs and other links, visit @konstanthacker on X and Instagram.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.     
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

I'm always asked the same question when talking to customers about the threats of quantum computing and the move to post-quantum cryptography. What are similar companies doing about it? It’s only been half a year since the NIST standards were published, but we’re starting to see some traction. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a chat with Samantha Mabey from Entrust about an interesting study on migration, along with some tactical advice for getting your PQC journey underway. 
For more information on Entrust, visit www.entrust.com/.  
Read the PKI and PQ study here:  www.entrust.com/cybersecurity-institute/reports/2024-pki-and-post-quantum-trends-study.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.     
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

Many companies call 2025 the year of quantum computing for reasons ranging from PQC to better applications and hardware. Here comes the Helios system from Quantinuum, and we say it’s all right to celebrate 50 logical qubits this year. We look at the company’s roadmap, aggressive error-correction ratios, and some innovative ways the coming systems will work with AI to solve problems and not just generate hype. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a chat with CEO Rajeeb Hazra from Quantinuum.  
For more information on Quantinuum, visit www.quantinuum.com/.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.   
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

Most applications businesses rely on are complex, with subroutines, loops, etc. Is it possible to run a binary like this on a quantum computer? Not quite, but one company has a tool that identifies portions of code where quantum computing circuits could make a difference and then manages the necessary handoffs. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he discusses the future of running programs on both classical chips and qubits with Joe Fitzsimons from Horizon Quantum.  
For more information on Horizon Quantum, visit www.horizonquantum.com/.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.  
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

You could summarize 2024 in two quantum computing topics: the release of the NIST PQC standards and the arrival of logical qubits. We dig into the latter in this episode. Atom Computing recently performed computation on 28 logical qubits with the help of Microsoft’s qubit virtualization. The future roadmap is optimistic and exciting for those looking for quantum advantage from hardware. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he discusses how we get to fault-tolerant systems with Kristen Pudenz from Atom Computing. Her experience at Lockheed Martin has also led to a unique view of developing practical quantum applications.
For more information on Quantum Rings, visit https://atom-computing.com/.
For a Microsoft blog on the 28 logical qubit achievement, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/quantum/2024/11/19/microsoft-and-atom-computing-offer-a-commercial-quantum-machine-with-the-largest-number-of-entangled-logical-qubits-on-record/.
To read the latest paper on Atom Computing gate fidelity, visit https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11708.
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.       
Questions and comments are welcome! 
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.

If you’re a longtime listener, you probably have heard that we can’t simulate more than 50 qubits on a classical computer. Representing each qubit doubles the required system resources, and state vector simulation hits a wall even on supercomputers. But what if there was a different way to break this barrier, even on a laptop? Is the threat to cryptography on an accelerated timeline because of this or other techniques? Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he discusses with Bob Wold from Quantum Rings how tensor networks may take us into new realms of practical quantum computing for everyone.
For more information on Quantum Rings, visit www.quantumrings.com/.  
To read the paper “Empowering Large Scale Quantum Circuit Development: Effective Simulation of Sycamore Circuits” on arXiv, visit https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12131.  
Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/US-en/technology-consulting/quantum-computing-services  to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready.  
Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on all socials: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech.       
Questions and comments are welcome!  
Theme song by David Schwartz, copyright 2021.  

The views expressed by the participants of this program are their own and do not represent the views of, nor are they endorsed by, Protiviti Inc., The Post-Quantum World, or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, shareholders, or subsidiaries.  None of the content should be considered investment advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or as an endorsement of any company, security, fund, or other securities or non-securities offering. Thanks for listening to this podcast. Protiviti Inc. is an equal opportunity employer, including minorities, females, people with disabilities, and veterans.