Trailing spouses accompanying expatriates on international assignments face significant challenges adjusting to new environments. These challenges include culture shock, isolation, navigating different healthcare systems, housing, schooling, and employment.

Study: Webber, E-L., & Vögel, A.J. (2019). The preparation, training and support requirements of expatriate trailing spouses. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 22(1), a2703.