Episode 28 examines the rise of proxy warfare as a defining feature of modern international conflict. Instead of engaging in direct military confrontation, major powers increasingly support allies, partner forces, and local actors through weapons, funding, intelligence, training, and diplomatic backing. The episode explores how conflicts such as the war in Ukraine and various struggles across the Middle East have become arenas for larger geopolitical competition, allowing powerful nations to pursue strategic goals while avoiding direct war with one another. It also discusses covert operations, plausible deniability, information warfare, and the risks of escalation that accompany indirect involvement. Ultimately, the episode shows how proxy wars have become one of the primary ways nations compete in the twenty-first century, shaping global politics while blurring the line between war and peace.