"The Rational Optimist" by Matt Ridley, argues that human economic progress is driven by cultural evolution fueled by a unique human capacity for exchange. Ridley posits that trade between unrelated individuals, rather than genetic changes or climate, is the key to understanding the rapid acceleration of human development. He examines the historical development of trade and specialisation, tracing how human societies have become increasingly interdependent and prosperous. Throughout, Ridley challenges prevailing pessimistic views about human prospects, emphasizing the potential for continued progress through market mechanisms and technological innovation. He concludes that humans are capable of solving global problems and achieving a better future, provided they embrace change and continue to build upon their shared collective intelligence.