On the morning of December 21, 1826, a flag went up over the Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches. It was red over white, roughly made, stitched by hands more accustomed to frontier repairs than nation building. It did not rise to the sound of drums or cannon. It was hauled up on a wooden pole by men who looked over their shoulders as often as they looked at their handiwork. Beneath it stood a small crowd, some curious, some committed, most uncertain. The flag announced the birth of the Republic of Fredonia.