Sayed Jawad Qazwini explores the historical impact of the Safavid dynasty, established in 1500, on Shia Islam. Emphasizing its role in shaping the identity of Shia followers, Qazwini discusses the motivations of the Safavid rulers, the integration of Shia scholars into the government, and the broader influence on Islamic beliefs and practices. The 250-year Safavid governance marked a transformative period, significantly influencing the definition of Shia Islam and its followers. The clash with the Ottoman Empire added another layer to this historical narrative, marking the first conflict between a Shia and Sunni state. The discussion calls for a nuanced examination of this critical period in Islamic history.