Julia Cartwright breaks down the complex biology of HIV, explaining how this retrovirus hijacks our immune system by targeting CD4+ T cells. She explores HIV's unique ability to integrate into human DNA, the difference between HIV and AIDS, how the virus spreads (and doesn't spread), and the major scientific breakthroughs that helped researchers understand this formidable pathogen. From viral structure to genetic diversity, this episode makes cutting-edge virology accessible to everyone.

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