Paul was unconcerned by Jewish leaders or Judaizers in Athens, the center of culture, religion, and philosophy. He did however discover the challenges of confronting the intellectual community with the gospel, particularly the resurrection. He resisted the temptation to dilute his message. The city's idols disturbed him, particularly one labeled "To the Unknown God." Though he began his ministry with Jews and Gentile proselytes, it wasn't long before Paul drew the attention of philosophers. His preaching in the agora, or marketplace, piqued the intellectual community's interest and elicited a strong reaction.