wraps up the Table of Nations by describing the regions where Joktan’s descendants settled, stretching from Mesha toward Sephar in the eastern hill country—indicating the spread of peoples into Arabia. The chapter then concludes with a summary: all these clans trace back to Noah’s sons, each becoming the roots of nations with their own lands, languages, and identities after the flood.

In short, these verses act like a conclusion to the great genealogical map: humanity dispersed, diverse in culture and territory, yet united in origin. It’s the Bible’s way of saying, “Here’s how the family grew into nations”—a tidy but profound ending that closes the story of universal beginnings before shifting toward the particular story of Abraham’s line.