Sudan faces one of the most severe crises in the world today. Half of the fifty million population needs urgent aid. Twelve million people are displaced inside the country. Four million refugees have crossed borders into Uganda, Chad, South Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic. Nineteen million children have been out of school for more than two years. Hospitals and clinics have suffered eighty percent destruction, and hunger is rising fast.

Dr M. Munir A. Safieldin explains how this crisis grew from decades of political manipulation and armed groups empowered by state leaders. Omar Al Bashir and Hassan Al Turabi built a state that relied on militias instead of strong institutions. The Janjaweed killed thousands in Darfur in 2003, and by 2020 they had formal economic and military power. The 2019 revolution pushed for civilian rule, but military leaders Hemeti and Al Burhan blocked the transition. Their rivalry triggered the 2023 war that continues today.

Sudan’s conflict is not an isolated civil war. It is shaped by foreign interests that profit from gold extraction, arms flows, and regional influence. The UAE funds the RSF and gains from gold worth an estimated three billion dollars. Weapons used in the conflict originate from Western and Israeli sources licensed through the Gulf. These networks turn Sudan into a proxy war and expose the region to renewed instability. Dr Munir describes this as a modern form of external control built on population displacement and resource capture.

Humanitarian assistance remains critically underfunded. Only twenty percent of the four point three billion dollar appeal has been met. Refugees face violence and exploitation in transit countries. South Sudan now hosts more than one point two million Sudanese, straining limited services. Access to trapped populations in Darfur and the Nuba Mountains is blocked.

Dr Munir calls for honest African leadership that prioritizes peace over foreign pressure. Competing interests between Cairo, Abu Dhabi, Nairobi, Addis Ababa, and Khartoum undermine mediation. He warns that without unity, Sudan’s crisis will spread across the region. He urges young East Africans to understand these dynamics and demand accountable institutions to prevent similar crises in their own countries.

This episode gives you a clear view of Sudan’s war, its regional impact, and the geopolitical networks driving it.