Our brains are hardwired to seek information that agrees with us, releasing dopamine when our beliefs are confirmed. Conversely, hearing opposing views can feel as physically unpleasant as pain. This episode warns against “informationational donuts” and echo chambers that lead to “value traps” and financial ruin.

Key Takeaways:

* Hypothesis Flip: Write the strongest possible argument against your investment thesis before buying.

* Financial Premortems: Imagine your investment has already failed and work backward to identify the causes.

* Personal Board of Directors: Seek out a diverse group of thinkers who have “no financial skin in your game” to challenge your logic.

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