This episode of Bio Bits and Bites explores how microtubules act as dynamic “highways” inside cells, storing mechanical energy and constantly remodeling as they grow and break down. It explains how specific post‑translational modifications of tubulin (the “tubulin code”)—such as detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—control microtubule stability, motor protein traffic, and cargo transport, with a focus on neurons and how disruptions can lead to neurodegenerative disease.