This week's interview features...me! I have finally gotten around to answering all the questions you sent me when we hit 3,000 subscribers. Yes, this video is v late. Yes, it is v worth the watch. Prepare for a more informal, cheeky side of me.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:20 Which guest has challenged you the most?

00:01:12 Are the fundamental constants independent?

00:02:44 What are your hobbies outside philosophy?

00:03:49 Were you ever an atheist?

00:03:52 Why is there something rather than nothing?

00:05:18 Have you ever considered becoming a model?

00:05:22 How much do you think about modality?

00:05:52 Have you ever had a religious experience?

00:06:13 What are the best arguments for theism?

00:07:27 What are the chances that universalism is true?

00:08:16 Were you always smart?

00:08:19 Paul Draper’s understated evidence objection

00:10:50 Will theism grow among philosophers?

00:11:43 An empirical approach to religion

00:12:42 The aesthetic argument for God

00:13:55 Will philosophy ever abandon materialism?

00:15:08 How have your views on theism evolved?

00:17:45 Is universalism true or theism false?

00:18:44 What is your journal acceptance rate?

00:18:57 What do you think about TAG?

00:19:27 How can someone find their life’s purpose?

00:20:00 Does universalism weaken the problem of evil?

00:21:56 What makes you doubt Christianity?

00:23:50 Has Paul Draper weakened your theism?

00:25:34 Which dead philosophers would you speak to?

00:27:46 Do theistic arguments depend on modality?

00:29:30 Where do you hope to be in ten years?

00:29:38 What if fine-tuning gave no support to theism?

00:29:54 Why does God exist?

00:31:02 Can you publish without a philosophy degree?

00:31:19 What does it mean to exist?

00:32:09 Are theistic arguments more technically vulnerable?

00:34:32 Who are you?

Philosopher Kevin Scharp discusses his experience working with A.I. agents, and what it portends for the future.

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Follow me on X because you’re awesome.EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:10 What AI agents are

00:03:22 Why AI agents remain under the radar

00:06:07 Creating research-level AI agents

00:08:44 How AI agents work

00:11:06 Are AI agents conscious?

00:17:59 Have AI agents already achieved AGI?

00:21:40 Embodied agents and what comes next

00:24:57 Automation, unemployment, and social unrest

00:27:05 AI as an unprecedented capacity for harm

00:28:46 Could governance and AI rights slow development?

00:32:00 Has ChatGPT become less useful?

00:39:34 AI, human extinction, and theism

00:43:08 Does AI favor naturalism over theism?

00:46:35 How to live under existential uncertainty

00:49:31 Atheism, agnosticism, and changing your mind

Lance Bush returns to the channel to discuss the need for empirical research in philosophy, whether philosophers even want to find the answers to their questions, and, of course, phenomenal conservatism (which is true, btw).

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EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:03:12 Common mistakes in student writing

00:06:54 Brevity and writing as a craft

00:09:34 Why Lance pursued psychology over philosophy

00:13:58 Studying moral language empirically

00:20:03 What psychology reveals about philosophical practice

00:24:59 A pragmatic theory of meaning

00:31:22 Does philosophy differ from science?

00:43:37 Why philosophers disagree

00:47:40 Could philosophy ever be solved?

00:56:31 Bias and the David Enoch debate

01:00:31 Competing philosophical starting points

01:05:58 Heterodox views and accusations of contrarianism

01:08:43 Debate mistakes and the possibility of a rematch

01:11:46 Michael Huemer and future conversations

01:13:39 Phenomenal conservatism

01:16:22 Epistemic blank checks

01:20:03 Defeaters and the psychology of seemings

01:24:57 Pragmatism and philosophical goals

Ethan Muse and I spar over the problem of evil, cosmic fine-tuning, infallible popes, and the doctrine of eternal conscious torment.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:44 Rutgers, philosophy, and Catholic apologetics

00:05:08 Ethan’s path into philosophy

00:09:52 The goal of doing philosophy

00:13:52 Ethan’s conversion to Catholicism

00:17:55 Doubts, confidence, and the problem of evil

00:23:45 Miracle evidence and outweighing evil

00:25:04 Fine-tuning and theism

00:28:48 Frequency data, design, and Bayesianism

00:33:43 Mini-verses and apparent design

00:38:20 What fine-tuning means

00:41:04 Apparent design and fragile harmony

00:46:38 The infrared bullseye analogy

00:51:29 Design, stalking horses, and naturalism

00:59:56 Priors, bare theism, and Bayesian machinery

01:04:53 Papal infallibility and alleged counterexamples

01:11:36 Eternal hell and Catholic doctrine

01:19:46 Moral intuition against eternal torment

01:22:42 Saints, sin, and moral authority

01:30:12 Moral progress and Catholic tradition

01:32:57 Moral disagreement and final thoughts

Michael Huemer, philosopher at U.C. Boulder, joins me for a wide-ranging discussion of arguments for and against the existence of God, with special focus on his new argument for atheism: the impossibility of an infinite God. Check out Mike’s book, Knowledge, Value, and Reality: A Mostly Common Sense Guide to Philosophy.

Video of this interview is available on YouTube.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:42 Huemer’s research on consciousness

00:05:42 Could LLMs be conscious?

00:08:11 Physicalism and consciousness

00:14:36 Why physicalism became so popular

00:17:16 Metaphysics and scientific evidence

00:21:01 Could God be empirically detected?

00:23:37 Why Huemer is agnostic

00:25:48 Philip Goff’s limited God

00:27:23 Can a limited God explain evil?

00:36:03 Divine psychology and skeptical theism

00:38:37 Can theism make predictions?

00:46:54 Scientific confirmation and theistic arguments

00:51:59 Which theistic arguments fail?

00:53:14 The ontological argument

00:58:06 The modal ontological argument

01:01:03 Necessary beings and modal intuitions

01:07:23 The Kalam cosmological argument

01:08:54 Could time have a beginning?

01:12:22 Can God create time?

01:18:22 Cosmology and the Big Bang

01:23:48 Actual and potential infinities

01:26:00 Huemer’s new argument for atheism

01:29:28 Divine infinity and omniscience

Is it even possible to have empirical evidence for God's existence? What if the stars realigned to spell out "I exist! Sincerely, God." Wouldn't THAT count as evidence for God? It seems that the answer is yes. But then, various objections to arguments for God seem to imply that even this extravagant, awesome evidence for God would not be any evidence whatsoever for theism. To many philosophers, that implication implies that these objections prove too much, and must therefore fail. In this debate, eight philosophers go head-to-head over these fascinating questions.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS

00:00:00 Introduction

00:02:10 Miles Donahue’s opening statement

00:07:46 Brian Cutter’s opening statement

00:13:16 Noah McKay’s opening statement

00:18:30 Travis Dumsday’s opening statement

00:23:30 Paul Draper’s opening statement

00:29:15 Alex Malpass’s opening statement

00:35:18 Nathan Bray’s opening statement

00:40:41 Kevin Scharp’s opening statement

00:47:15 Miles Donahue’s cross-examination

01:03:22 Alex Malpass’s cross-examination

01:20:15 Brian Cutter’s cross-examination

01:33:41 Nathan Bray’s cross-examination

01:49:03 Paul Draper’s cross-examination

02:01:21 Travis Dumsday’s cross-examination

02:10:54 Kevin Scharp’s cross-examination

02:24:49 Noah McKay’s cross-examination

Matthew Vines, author of God and the Gay Christian: The Biblical Case in Support of Same-Sex Relationships, joins me to discuss the revised version of this now classic texts. Has Matt has changed his mind on any major issues? What, in the end, would Matt conclude if he determined that the Bible did prohibit same-sex relationships? Listen to find out!

Video of this interview is available on YouTube.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:05 What changed in God and the Gay Christian

00:03:28 Endnotes, footnotes, and writing for different audiences

00:05:02 How Matthew Vines’s views have changed

00:05:51 Romans 1 and female same-sex relations

00:07:48 Arsenokoitai, Malakoi, and Paul’s meaning

00:10:22 Same-sex marriage in the biblical world

00:13:45 To whom is the book written?

00:15:06 Expressive individualism and affirming theology

00:19:37 How the American church has changed

00:20:23 Affirming churches without guardrails

00:25:45 Conservative backlash and slippery slopes

00:27:55 Being between Christian and queer spaces

00:29:11 Queer theory, polyamory, and sexual orientation

00:30:55 Transgender Christians and biblical interpretation

00:34:48 Gender dysphoria, transition, and Christian ethics

00:39:08 What if the Bible prohibited same-sex marriage?

00:49:44 Moral intuition, inerrancy, and Jesus

01:00:05 Biblical authority, inspiration, and inerrancy

01:08:21 Where evangelical churches may be headed

I discuss and debate the merits of drug-induced experiences for one's religious beliefs, the difference panpsychism makes, the distinction between God's essence and energies, and giant purple platypuses floating over New York City.

Video of this interview is available on YouTube.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:32 What is 5-MeO-DMT?

00:02:07 Why Philip Goff tried toad venom

00:05:02 What the experience was like

00:07:13 Can you experience yourself not existing?

00:13:00 Was ego death terrifying?

00:17:03 William Lane Craig’s reaction

00:19:57 What is a structureless claim?

00:22:52 The content of mystical experience

00:25:39 Does 5-MeO-DMT support panpsychism?

00:33:15 Why trust a drug-induced experience?

00:40:08 Experience versus interpretation

00:43:54 Is Goff projecting panpsychism onto the experience?

00:46:03 What would defeat the experience?

00:51:25 How does this fit with Christianity?

00:57:19 Divine essence, energies, and simplicity

01:04:19 Why Christianity specifically?

01:08:26 Why not deism or another religion?

01:14:23 Does Goff believe in an afterlife?

01:16:43 Near-death experiences and consciousness

01:18:37 What is Goff most uncertain of?

Talia Mae Bettcher and Tomas Bogardus join me to debate the question, "What is a woman?". Is gender biologically grounded, socially constructed, or something else entirely? If you're looking for a cordial and substantive exchange from two thinkers who fundamentally disagree on these issues, look no further.

Video of this interview is available on YouTube.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:17 Bogardus opening statement

00:02:03 Dictionaries and ordinary usage

00:03:41 The ambiguity view

00:07:09 The resistant concept of woman

00:08:12 Circularity and self-identification

00:11:23 The relevance objection to ambiguity

00:13:47 Non-human men and women

00:16:17 Bettcher opening statement

00:18:29 Woman as a philosophical question

00:19:44 Folk concepts and biological definitions

00:22:13 Folk concepts vs. theoretical concepts

00:24:45 Adult, human, and female

00:28:14 Open discussion begins

00:28:57 Bettcher on the ambiguity thesis

00:30:28 Family resemblance and trans womanhood

00:35:16 Political concepts and same-sex marriage

00:52:25 Are folk concepts biological?

00:57:47 Souls, bodies, and female identity

01:04:31 Twin Earth, Superman, and non-human men

01:13:13 Stone lions, Batman, and conceptual analysis

01:26:44 The husbandry argument

01:29:44 Sex, function, and biology

01:34:35 Why the question matters

01:39:44 Closing statements

Keegan Kjeldson of the Untimely Reflections YouTube channel returns to the podcast to discuss the merits of continental philosophy. While he is largely in favor and I am not, we both agree that Hegel is abysmally obscure.

Video of this interview is available on YouTube.

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EPISODE CHAPTERS

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:18 Hegel vs Plantinga: obscurity and clarity

00:03:07 Keegan’s defense of continental philosophy

00:08:38 Why continental philosophy feels impenetrable

00:11:15 Spinoza and intuitive knowledge

00:14:25 Nietzsche, style, and philosophical insight

00:18:07 Logical positivism and ethics

00:22:21 What is metaethics?

00:27:17 Utilitarianism and moral intuitions

00:30:17 Do arguments bottom out in intuition?

00:36:39 What is philosophy for?

00:44:41 Moral realism and objective moral truth

00:48:59 Judith Butler and the charge of gibberish

00:54:10 Clear continental thinkers

00:55:57 Heidegger and justified obscurity

01:02:00 Is clarity always a virtue?

01:06:49 Can poetry give us rational grounds?

01:12:52 Moral knowledge vs moral persuasion

01:15:29 Motivated reasoning in ethics

01:25:21 Ethics, emotion, and objectivity

01:28:14 The Nazi example and moral realism

01:32:26 Abortion, personhood, and moral disagreement

01:38:44 Objective truth in morality and science

01:41:17 Has humanity made moral progress?