Is violence the natural order of the state? If so, are massacres and state-sponsored atrocities inevitable? Join Aileen as she attempts to answer these questions while discussing one of the most referenced human rights abuses in Kenyan history: the Wagalla Massacre. 

Digressions include Prince William, Thanos and the MCU

TW: Rape, Torture and Assault.

Sources:

Abdi Latif Dahir, Kenya’s Wagalla Massacre 30 Years Later (2014)

Charles Hornsby, Kenya: A History of Since Independence (2012)

Human Rights Watch, Screening of Ethnic Somalis: The Cruel Consequences of Kenya’s Passbook System (1990)

Judy Kibinge, Scarred: The Anatomy of a Massacre (2015)

Kate Cronin-Furman, Mass Atrocity Monday, 5/2/2016: The Wagalla Massacre (2016)

Kinyanjui Thuo, Wagalla Massacre (KNCHR) (2014)

Múturi Njeri, Kenya That was Never Kenyan: The Shifta War & The North Eastern Kenya, (2015)

Noor Akbar, How should we define genocide?, 2010

Oscar Gakuo Mwangi, Why Kenya is on thin ice in its justification for sending Somali refugees back home (2021)

Roya Gachuhi, Wagalla massacre: The anatomy of atrocity in North Eastern (2020)

Tabea Scharrer, “Ambiguous citizens”: Kenyan Somalis and the question of belonging (2018)

Truth and Justice Commission Report, Volume II A (2013)

Youssef Cohen, Brian R. Brown, A. F. K. Organski, The Paradoxical Nature of State Making: The Violent Creation of Order (1981)