---
client: ea_forum
project_id: curated
narrator: pw
qa: mds
narrator_time: 1h50m
qa_time: 45m
---
Key Takeaways

• Our objective: estimate the welfare ranges of 11 farmed species.
• Given hedonism, an individual’s welfare range is the difference between the welfare level associated with the most intense positively valenced state that the individual can realize and the welfare level associated with the most intense negatively valenced state that the individual can realize.
• Given some prominent theories about the functions of valenced states, we identified over 90 empirical proxies that might provide evidence of variation in the potential intensities of those states. 
• There are many unknowns across many species.
• It’s rare to have evidence that animals lack a given trait.
• We know less about the presence or absence of traits as we move from terrestrial vertebrates to most invertebrates.
• Many of the traits about which we know the least are affective traits.
• We do have information about some significant traits for many animals.

Original article:
https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/tnSg6o7crcHFLc395/the-welfare-range-table

Narrated for the Effective Altruism Forum by TYPE III AUDIO.

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