Few books have had as seismic an impact on literature and pop culture at large as Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. But some of Stoker’s key inspirations for Dracula came from notable, misunderstood, and overlooked women. From the infamous countess smeared by history to the social reformer fighting a devastating epidemic to the traveler who documented Transylvanian folklore: Bram Stoker's Dracula owes a substantial unpaid debt to the lives and work of forgotten female pioneers. Countess Elizabeth Bathory. Charlotte Thornley Stoker. Emily Gerard. These are their stories.

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