Today’s readings take us deep into the inner struggle of Augustine, the theological insight of Aquinas, and the interpretive dialogue of Justin Martyr. In Dialogue with Trypho, Chapters 65–66, Justin explains how God gives His glory only to Christ and not to idols, and he argues from Isaiah that Christ was born of a virgin. Augustine’s Confessions, Book VIII, Chapters 19–20, gives us a powerful look at the breaking point of his conversion—his anguish in the garden, torn between two wills. Finally, in Summa Theologica, Part I, Question 58, Article 5, Aquinas considers whether angels can be mistaken in their understanding—and answers with a careful distinction between natural knowledge and fallen misuse.

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