Today’s readings explore Christ’s restoration of humanity, God's transcendence over time, and the ordered inner life of the unfallen soul. Irenaeus presents Jesus as the new Adam, who retraces and redeems every stage of human life—from infancy to adulthood—so that what was lost in Adam is regained in Christ. Augustine continues wrestling with time and creation, insisting that time itself is not eternal but was created by God when He made all things through His Word. Aquinas clarifies that the passions existed in Adam before the Fall, but unlike in us, they were subject to right reason, serving rather than ruling the soul.

Today’s Readings:

Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Book 2, Chapters 22.3–5 Augustine, Confessions, Book 11, Chapters 13–14 (Sections 16–18) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Part I, Question 95, Article 2 – Whether the passions existed in man in the state of innocence

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