Joseph Ortiz from Kent State University returns to talk about remote sensing of Mars, Joseph’s work with his collaborators on a National Geographic funded project at Vaal Dam in South Africa, water quantity issues in a semi-arid environment, a time when the region came within five days of running out of water, a water level drop of one to two stories, microcystis, water quality issues, renewable energy sources, boat problems at night with a lack of fuel and a shoal, measuring different types of algae with a multichannel fluorometer, Joseph working with students from Wits University, open source software for hyperspectral imagery analysis of South Africa, Whitebox tools for lidar analysis, MultiSpec, analyzing harmful algal blooms, the red edge bands from Sentinel, and much more.  Show notes and photos are available at: https://americaview.substack.com/.