This episode introduces organic nomenclature, a new system for naming hydrocarbons like alkanes and alkenes. Alkanes (single bonds) are named using a prefix for the carbon chain length followed by -ane. Alkenes (double bonds) use the same prefixes but end with -ene and require a number to indicate the double bond's location. This systematic approach is essential for navigating organic chemistry, as it's based on the molecule's structure rather than charges.