This episode explores the TRIPS Agreement (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), a pivotal framework in international trademark law that expanded and reinforced protections worldwide. Drawn from The Cambridge Handbook of International and Comparative Trademark Law, we analyze how TRIPS, implemented in 1995, introduced minimum standards for IP protection within the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. Key provisions include its requirements for fair and equitable trademark protection, effective enforcement, and the prevention of anti-competitive practices. The episode discusses the significant influence of TRIPS on harmonizing trademark laws globally, its role in resolving disputes, and the ongoing debates about balancing trademark rights with access to knowledge and innovation.