TRAPPIST-1 is an ultracool red dwarf star located approximately 40 light-years from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. It is about 9% the mass of the Sun and emits very little visible light. In 2017, seven Earth-sized rocky planets were discovered orbiting this star. Three of these planets—TRAPPIST-1e, f, and g—lie within the system's habitable zone, where conditions may permit the presence of liquid water. The planets orbit very close to the star, with orbital periods ranging from 1.5 to 18.8 Earth days. Their proximity and size make them candidates for atmospheric and habitability studies, particularly via instruments such as the James Webb Space Telescope. The system is considered a high-priority target in the search for biosignatures beyond Earth.

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