Welcome to Cardiology Today – Recorded November 25, 2025. This episode summarizes 5 key cardiology studies on topics like adverse outcomes and cardiovascular risk. Key takeaway: Underweight Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.

Article Links:

Article 1: Cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial injury and heart failure. (European heart journal)

Article 2: Frailty and long-term outcomes in younger patients with acute myocardial infarction. (European heart journal)

Article 3: Women with chronic coronary artery disease: long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention vs coronary artery bypass grafting. (European heart journal)

Article 4: Underweight and cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes: a Korean nationwide study. (European heart journal)

Article 5: Disturbed flow induces reprogramming of endothelial cells to immune-like and foam cells under hypercholesterolaemia during atherogenesis. (Cardiovascular research)

Full episode page: https://podcast.explainheart.com/podcast/underweight-risk-in-type-2-diabetes-11-25-25/

Journal: European heart journal

PubMed Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288379

Summary: Cardiac fibrosis is a major contributor to the development and progression of heart failure. This process involves an aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix components, which leads to impaired mechanical and electrical function of the heart. Fibroblasts are central to these pathological processes. Effective anti-fibrotic treatments currently remain elusive due to limited insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms distinguishing transient from sustained fibrotic responses.

Journal: European heart journal

PubMed Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288370

Summary: Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of adverse outcomes in older adults with acute myocardial infarction. The impact of frailty on younger patients with acute myocardial infarction remains an underexplored area. This population-based epidemiological study utilized linked national administrative data from England and Wales to investigate this association. Patients in the study were stratified into three age groups: under 55 years, 55 to 74 years, and 75 years or older.

Journal: European heart journal

PubMed Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288359

Summary: Real-world evidence comparing percutaneous coronary intervention to coronary artery bypass grafting in women with chronic severe coronary artery disease is limited. This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study linked clinical and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The study identified women undergoing either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting from 2012 to 2021. This research addresses a critical evidence gap regarding long-term outcomes for revascularization strategies in this specific patient population.

Journal: European heart journal

PubMed Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288350

Summary: The growing prevalence of lean Type 2 diabetes mellitus and limited research on stratified underweight categories characterize the current understanding. This nationwide cohort study investigated the association between underweight status and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study analyzed data from 2064406 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent health examinations between 2015 and 2016 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. This research focused on the impact of underweight severity on cardiovascular outcomes within this large patient population.

Journal: Cardiovascular research

PubMed Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288601

Summary: Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially in arteries exposed to disturbed flow, while stable flow regions are protected even under hypercholesterolaemic conditions. Prior research showed that disturbed flow alone initiates flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells, including partial endothelial-to-immune-cell-like transition. These findings, however, lacked validation using a genetic lineage-tracing model. This research highlights the critical role of disturbed flow in endothelial cell changes during atherogenesis under hypercholesterolaemia.

Today’s date is November 25, 2025. Welcome to Cardiology Today. Here are the latest research findings.

Article number one. Cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial injury and heart failure. Cardiac fibrosis is a major contributor to the development and progression of heart failure. This process involves an aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix components, which leads to impaired mechanical and electrical function of the heart. Fibroblasts are central to these pathological processes. Effective anti-fibrotic treatments currently remain elusive due to limited insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms distinguishing transient from sustained fibrotic responses.

Article number two. Frailty and long-term outcomes in younger patients with acute myocardial infarction. Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of adverse outcomes in older adults with acute myocardial infarction. The impact of frailty on younger patients with acute myocardial infarction remains an underexplored area. This population-based epidemiological study utilized linked national administrative data from England and Wales to investigate this association. Patients in the study were stratified into three age groups: under 55 years, 55 to 74 years, and 75 years or older.

Article number three. Women with chronic coronary artery disease: long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention vs coronary artery bypass grafting. Real-world evidence comparing percutaneous coronary intervention to coronary artery bypass grafting in women with chronic severe coronary artery disease is limited. This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study linked clinical and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The study identified women undergoing either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting from 2012 to 2021. This research addresses a critical evidence gap regarding long-term outcomes for revascularization strategies in this specific patient population.

Article number four. Underweight and cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes: a Korean nationwide study. The growing prevalence of lean Type 2 diabetes mellitus and limited research on stratified underweight categories characterize the current understanding. This nationwide cohort study investigated the association between underweight status and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study analyzed data from 2064406 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent health examinations between 2015 and 2016 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. This research focused on the impact of underweight severity on cardiovascular outcomes within this large patient population.

Article number five. Disturbed flow induces reprogramming of endothelial cells to immune-like and foam cells under hypercholesterolaemia during atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially in arteries exposed to disturbed flow, while stable flow regions are protected even under hypercholesterolaemic conditions. Prior research showed that disturbed flow alone initiates flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells, including partial endothelial-to-immune-cell-like transition. These findings, however, lacked validation using a genetic lineage-tracing model. This research highlights the critical role of disturbed flow in endothelial cell changes during atherogenesis under hypercholesterolaemia.

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adverse outcomes, cardiovascular risk, frailty, younger patients, nationwide study, underweight severity, endothelial cells, disturbed flow, percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac fibrosis, epidemiological study, immune-like cells, fibroblasts, women, atherogenesis, extracellular matrix, chronic coronary artery disease, underweight, heart failure, long-term outcomes, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, hypercholesterolaemia, anti-fibrotic treatments, atherosclerosis.

Concise summaries of cardiovascular research for professionals.

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