Is biological sex a strict binary of male and female? This episode dismantles that common assumption with evidence from across the scientific and cultural world. We dive into the complex biology of human development—from chromosomes to hormones—to reveal a spectrum, not a simple switch. Journeying through history, we uncover societies that have long recognized "third genders," like the Hijras of South Asia and the Two-Spirits of Indigenous North America. We then look to the animal kingdom, where sex-changing fish and temperature-determined reptiles challenge our assumptions about nature. Finally, we confront the controversial history of medically unnecessary "normalizing" surgeries on intersex children, reframing a medical "disorder" as a crucial human rights issue. Join us to explore the definitive evidence that proves male and female are not the whole story