President Donald Trump has recently issued two major executive orders focused on reshaping America’s energy and mineral strategy. On April twenty-fourth, the White House announced the “Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources” order, directing federal agencies to accelerate the exploration and development of mineral resources beneath U.S. coastal waters. This initiative targets essential minerals such as nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, titanium, and the rare earth elements crucial for advanced electronics, energy technologies, and national defense systems. The order also encourages partnerships with allies to develop deep-sea mineral resources in international waters, a move designed to bolster resource security and reduce reliance on foreign suppliers, especially China, which currently dominates global supply chains for many of these materials, according to Holland and Knight and the official White House statement.

Earlier in March, the president signed the “Immediate Measures to Increase American Mineral Production” executive order, which unlocks extensive federal funding and streamlines permitting for domestic mining projects. The order uses powers under the Defense Production Act, allowing for up to two hundred billion dollars in financing through programs like the Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment Program and directing agencies to prioritize critical mineral production on federal lands. The Department of Energy has reinstated the National Coal Council and is advancing projects to extract critical minerals from coal ash, with the goal of building up domestic supply chains and supporting sectors as varied as defense, renewables, and high-tech manufacturing, as reported by Metal Tech News, King and Spalding, and Carbon Credits.

These bold policy changes come amid escalating global tensions, with China imposing new export controls on rare earths and the United States seeking to secure more resilient energy and mineral supply chains. In response to such pressures, companies like Solvay in France are expanding rare earth processing capacity, aiming to supply a significant portion of European demand as part of the broader effort to diversify sources of critical minerals.

Domestically, rapid advances in shale gas and oil extraction continue to reshape the energy landscape. Shale production now accounts for a substantial share of U.S. natural gas and oil output, supporting economic growth and job creation in states such as Ohio and Pennsylvania. The United States also maintains the largest energy reserves globally, with policymakers emphasizing energy independence and national security. However, these aggressive moves toward resource development face pushback from environmental groups and some lawmakers, particularly concerning the potential environmental and community impacts of expanded mining activities. As the federal government accelerates investment and regulatory changes, the energy and mineral sectors are poised for significant growth and transformation, reflecting a renewed national focus on resource security and economic competitiveness.