The United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims is a national court of record, established under Article I of the Constitution of the United States. The Court has exclusive jurisdiction to provide judicial review of final decisions by the Board of Veterans' Appeals, an entity within the Department of Veterans Affairs.

The CAVC has exclusive jurisdiction to review all decisions from the Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA).  The US Court of Veterans Appeals views its jurisdiction very narrowly, at this time, and extends it only to "final BVA decisions".