CONTENT WARNING: The following episode includes discussion of war, with references to physical and sexual violence. Listener discretion is advised.

This multi-episode series is about the history of relations between the United States and the Middle East, including both US foreign policy and the Middle Eastern immigrant experience. This episode is a brief history of the Middle East and Mediterranean regions, from the decline of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman Empire. In the first episode of Potstirrer Podcast not to center on US politics or culture, Jaye discusses the Great Schism, the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Crusades, and more.

Featured Content: Dearborn Girl Podcast: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/dearborn-girl YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC14-ifYl5e4PDohYUHVAW5Q

Twitter: @potstirrercast IG: @potstirrerpodcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/potstirrerpodcast/ Website: PotstirrerPodcast.com

Source Material:

https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/19/17469176/roman-empire-maps-history-explained https://www.historyhit.com/divorce-and-decline-the-division-of-east-and-west-roman-empires/ https://istanbulclues.com/byzantine-empire-map-information-facts/ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity/The-Schism-of-1054 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Cerularius https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Leo-IX https://www.britannica.com/event/Crusades https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades https://www.warhistoryonline.com/medieval/9-factors-caused-first-crusade.html https://www.historynet.com/fourth-crusade-the-second-siege-of-constantinople.htm https://newrepublic.com/article/154170/owns-crusades https://www.ancient.eu/article/1249/the-crusades-causes--goals/ http://www.umich.edu/~marcons/Crusades/timeline/summaries/fourth_crusade.htm https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zjbj6sg/revision/1 https://www.history.com/news/why-muslims-see-the-crusades-so-differently-from-christians http://www.allaboutturkey.com/ottoman.htm https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire/Osman-and-Orhan https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/ottoman-empire http://www.allaboutturkey.com/janissary.htm

Music:

Potstirrer Podcast Theme composed by Jon Biegen from Stranger Still http://strangerstillshow.com/ http://jonathanbiegen.com

Blue Moon composed by JVNA

Dreaming in 432Hz composed by Unicorn Heads

Destination Unknown composed by Ugonna Onyekwe

Your Suggestions composed by Unicorn Heads

Mist composed by Odonis Odonis

Epic Battle Speech composed by Wayne Jones