The provided text offers an extensive overview of the life, teachings, and historical context of the Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama or Shakyamuni. It details his personal life, including his birth in Lumbini, his family, and the uncertainty surrounding his exact dates of birth and death, presenting both "long" and "short" chronologies. The document explores his core doctrines, such as the Middle Way, the Four Noble Truths, and the concepts of dependent origination and Anatta (not-self). Furthermore, the text addresses the historical authenticity of early Buddhist teachings―noting scholarly debate on whether the oldest texts reflect the historical Buddha's actual words―and tracks the development and spread of Buddhism through various traditions like Theravāda and Mahāyāna, concluding with his depiction in art and other world religions like Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.