The dominant theme of ancient Indian history is anything but non-violence. The myth of a perfectly peaceful and non-violent society in ancient India was deliberately created by men like Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Nehru during the days of our freedom struggle against the Britsihers. Here, I have attempted to look back on ancient Indian warfare, and to that end, what better source could be than the work of our own Machiavelli, the legendary Kautilya's Arthasastra!