Web Components are also known as Custom Elements.

Custom Element is a web standard for defining new HTML elements in a framework-agnostic way.

There are a set of different techniques that allow you to build Web Components or Custom Elements.

Being an Angular Developer you can easily get into Web Components by using Angular Elements.

Links:

Web Components

Can I use Web Components

Polymer

Lit

Polymer vs Lit
Angular Elements

Angular Self-Paced Workshops from Aliaksei

ngstart.dev