In 2001, El Salvador dollarized its economy, but the promised benefits never fully arrived. In 2021, President Bukele repeated the pattern by adopting bitcoin as legal tender overnight, with little public input.

In this episode, Ishi—a pseudonymous Salvadoran bitcoin developer and founder of Torogoz.dev—explains why both transitions fell short and what lessons can still be learned.Watch now to find out:

- Why do most Salvadorans still avoid bitcoin?- What went wrong with Chivo Wallet?- What benefits has bitcoin actually brought to El Salvador?- Plus: how IMF negotiations may now open the door for organic bitcoin adoption without state mandates.Show notes: https://impunityobserver.com/2025/07/21/what-became-of-dollarization-bitcoin-in-el-salvador-spanish/