Guest Geo Maher, a Philadelphia-based writer, community educator, and organizer who has lived and taught extensively in Venezuela. Maher is Coordinator of the W.E.B. Du Bois Movement School for Abolition & Reconstruction and the author of five books, including We Created Chávez and Building the Commune.

In this episode, we discuss We Created Chávez, which challenges leader-centered narratives by showing how grassroots movements — workers, women, Afro-Venezuelans, Indigenous peoples, students, and former guerrillas — shaped Venezuela’s political transformation long before Chávez took office. The conversation explores what these struggles reveal about power, collective action, and movements today.