What is Bipolar Disorder and How Is It Diagnosed? Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood fluctuations can significantly impact a person's ability to function in daily life, affecting relationships, work, and personal well-being. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but with proper treatment, individuals can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. The condition is often misunderstood and misdiagnosed, which is why early detection and proper diagnosis are crucial. In this article, we will explore what bipolar disorder is, its types, symptoms, and how it is diagnosed.