What is fascism? Here's a lecture explaining fascism's origins and traits.★Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/williamcfoxGeneral:A History of Fascism, 1914-1945 Stanley G. PayneFascism, Comparison and Definition Stanley G. PayneAnatomy of Fascism Robert O. PaxtonFascism Key Concepts in Political Theory Roger GriffinThe Nature of Fascism Roger GriffinThe Fascist Revolution Toward a General Theory of Fascism George L. MosseFascism - A Very Short Introduction Kevin PassmoreFascism A History Roger Eatwell1848:The European Revolutions, 1848 - 1851 Sperber, JonathanRevolutionary Spring 1848-1849, Christopher ClarkItaly:Mussolini R. J. B. BosworthMussolinis Intellectuals Fascist Social and Political Thought Anthony James GregorMussolinis italy life under the fascist dictatorship, 1915-1945 (2007) R. J. B. BosworthThe Birth of Fascist Ideology Sternhell et al.The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe Dylan RileThe Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy Emilio GentileGermany:Hitler 1889-1936 Hubris Ian KershawHitler Ascent, 1889-1939 Volker UllrichHitler and the Beer Hall Putsch Harold J. GordonThe German Communists and the Rise of Nazism Conan FischerThe Rise and Fall of the Third ReichA History of Nazi Germany William L. ShirerWeimar and the Rise of Hitler Anthony James NichollsPop:Fascism A Warning Madeleine AlbrightHow Fascism Works The Politics of Us and Them Jason StanleyLeon Trotsky: Fascism: What it is and how to fight itAnderson, Thomas P. The Social Debate in the French Constituent Assembly, 1848. n.d.Beiner, Ronald. “Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Rousseau on Civil Religion.” The Review of Politics 55, no. 4 (1993): 617–38.“Program of the National Fascist Party (1921).”“The Charter of Labour (1927).” “The Manifesto of Fascist Intellectuals (1925).” “The Manifesto of Verona (1943).” Brooks, Thom. Hegel’s Social and Political Philosophy. June 3, 2021. “Gabriele D’Annunzio’s Fiume Escapade | History Today.” Harvard University Press. “The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy.” Accessed October 18, 2025. “Italy - Economic Crisis, Political Turmoil, Two Red Years | Britannica.” October 13, 2025. Sorel, Georges. Reflections on Violence. n.d.00:00-01:05 Intro01:06-1:19:41 1848 Revolutions1:19:42-3:09:01 Italian Fascism3:09:02-4:22:43 German Fascism4:22:44-4:55:34 What is Fascism?Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images.

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