Sometimes training is the answer — and sometimes it’s not. In this episode, we’ll look at how front-end analysis helps us diagnose performance problems, where training fits into the bigger Human Performance Technology (HPT) model, and why Gilbert’s Behavior Engineering Model reminds us to check the environment before jumping to instruction. I’ll also share a real-world case Gilbert studied in the 1980s, where what looked like a training issue turned out to be a process issue instead. By the end, you’ll see why understanding theory helps instructional designers build instincts that lead to better decisions about when — and when not — to design training.