Most of the world’s population identify with an Abrahamic religion. So, who are Abraham’s true descendants? Jews? Muslims? Christians? Galatia’s churches faced the same issue; agitators pressured Gentile-believers to adopt Jewish rites to become Abraham’s bone fide Paul reacts with an audacious claim: Abraham’s singular ‘seed’ is Jesus Christ alone, not OT Israel. Plus everyone belonging to Christ—the church–is also Abraham’s seed. Critics find such claims ‘grotesque,’ ‘anti- Semitic,’ & a ‘violent & unfaithful reading’ of Genesis. Yet, Paul isn’t twisting history; he reinterprets Israel’s founding story in the light of the Christ event. The trajectory of the divine promise diverges from Israel’s history, bypassing the Law. God’s sovereign action—the coming of faith, of Christ, of the Spirit–are not dependent on human cooperation; no person or people (Israel, church, etc.) is indispensable to God’s plan. So, let’s trust & wait for God to do what only God can do, believing we will see surprising things!