This Episode explore the complex relationship between soil fertility, nutrient management, and ecosystem health. High levels of salinity and excessive fertilization are shown to degrade soil quality by reducing organic matter and disrupting beneficial microbial communities. Research highlights how nitrogen over-application can trigger ammonium toxicity, increase plant susceptibility to pests and diseases, and alter the emission of volatile organic compounds. Conversely, the studies advocate for sustainable strategies, such as using biochar, organic amendments, and crop rotation, to enhance fungal diversity and yields. Special focus is also given to the molecular mechanisms of nutrient uptake, including the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and specific enzyme pathways in plant resilience. Ultimately, the collection emphasizes that balanced nutrition is essential for maintaining both crop productivity and environmental integrity.