This Episode examine how excessive soil moisture and flooding disrupt essential plant functions by creating hypoxic or anaerobic environments. When roots are deprived of oxygen, they suffer from impaired respiration, reduced nutrient absorption, and hormonal imbalances that cause stunted growth or wilting. To combat these issues, the texts suggest practical agronomic solutions like improving drainage, utilizing porous clay pots, and implementing advanced aeration technologies such as oxygenated nanobubbles. Furthermore, the documents detail how waterlogged conditions facilitate the spread of pathogens like root rot and allow for the toxic buildup of soluble salts. Researchers also investigate how specific species, such as rice or certain Mediterranean shrubs, develop metabolic adaptations to survive these abiotic stresses. Together, these materials provide a comprehensive look at the physiological impacts of overwatering and the management strategies required for healthy plant development.