This episode takes a look at three different cases: Reynolds v. Sims (1964) about malapportioned districts; Shaw v. Reno (1993) about racial gerrymandering; and Rucho v. Common Cause (2019) about partisan gerrymandering. According to the Supreme Court, districts cannot be malapportioned or drawn in a way that intentionally groups voters based on race. The practice of intentionally grouping voters based on partisanship is not something the Court is willing to address, however, and Chief Justice John Roberts explains why in his opinion announcement in Rucho.