Lucas and Luna dig into one of the quietest bottlenecks in quantum computing: memory that works at millikelvin temperatures. Classical DRAM freezes solid below about 40 kelvin. But today's superconducting qubits operate inside dilution refrigerators at roughly 10 to 15 millikelvin — a thousand times colder. Every control pulse and every measurement result currently has to be heat-carrying electrical signals traveling up and down cryostat wiring. Researchers at imec and MIT Lincoln Lab are testing cryogenic CMOS memory arrays designed to function below 4 kelvin. Lucas walks through the numbers: a 16-kilobyte cryo-CMOS test chip that draws under 1 milliwatt and can serve a 100-qubit processor without violating the system's thermal budget. Luna asks whether this is a sideline or a gating factor — and the answer is that without on-chip memory, scaling beyond a few hundred qubits becomes physically impossible. The hosts also touch on why this matters for the broader quantum timeline and how classical semiconductor fabs can adapt existing processes for cryo conditions.

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