What if the presidential candidates refuse to concede defeat? Election scholars Franita Tolson (USC Gould School of Law) and Edward Foley (OSU Moritz College of Law) speculate the outcomes of an election mired in careless rhetoric, government gridlock, contentious politics and racial divide. Whether or not voters will lose faith in the system or be energized by their outrage remains to be seen, but Franita and Foley look back in American history for a dose of optimism and perspective.