Thousands of years of wine history and culture, covering everything from boiled sea snails to Roman Temples, religious influence to vineyard bombings, we arrive at one of the most emotionally resonant wines on the planet that embody courage and the resilience of the human spirit.

Resources from this episode:

Books:

Chateau Musar: The Story of a Wine Icon, Academie du Vin Library, Keevil, S. (2020)

The Oxford Companion to Wine [5th Edition, Kindle Edition], Harding, J., Robinson, J., Thomas, T. (2023)

Wine Grapes: A Complete Guide to 1,368 Vine Varieties, Including Their Origins and Flavours [Kindle Edition], Robinson, J., Harding, J., Vouillamoz, J. (2013)

Websites:

Agenda Culturel: Lebanon Wine Map (2020) https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/213dd374/files/uploaded/wineries-map-web.pdf

Britannica: Baalbek https://www.britannica.com/place/Baalbeck

Britannica: Lebanon https://www.britannica.com/place/Lebanon/Lebanon-in-the-Middle-Ages

Britannica: Tyre https://www.britannica.com/place/Tyre

Chateau Kefraya: https://chateaukefraya.com/en/kefraya

Chateau Ksara: Merwah https://shop.chateauksara.com/product/merwah/

Chateau Musar: https://chateaumusar.com/

Chateau Musar: The Story of a Wine Icon https://chateaumusar.com/chateau-musar-the-story-of-a-wine-icon/

Coteaux du Liban: Obeideh https://www.coteauxduliban.com/wines/obeideh

Decanter: Torrid times for winemakers in the Middle East - Decanter speaks to producers in Lebanon and Israel about how their day-to-day life and work has been affected by conflict in the region, Kochan, N. (Updated 9 October 2024) https://www.decanter.com/wine-news/torrid-times-for-winemakers-in-the-middle-east-540466/

Domaine des Tourelles: About the Winery https://www.domainedestourelles.com/pages/a-love-story-since-1868

Eater: We Should All Be Drinking More Lebanese Wine - How an why we tali about it, though needs to change, Berrou, F. (27 April 2021) https://www.eater.com/22369382/lebanese-wine-history-drinking

Executive Magazine; Lebanon must learn from New World wines' successes, Kahale, H. (10 October 2019) https://www.executive-magazine.com/special-report/lebanon-must-learn-from-new-world-wines-successes

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Lebanon: Agricultural damage and loss assessment on the impact of conflict (2025) https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8cc256b6-f2c9-4667-8c5d-f66102ddd6d9/content

Food Republic: What is Arak, The Trendy Middle Eastern Liquor? Sands, C. (1 August 2023) https://www.foodrepublic.com/1352851/what-is-arak-trendy-middle-eastern-liquor/

Institut National de la Vigne et du Vin (INVV): http://invv-lb.org/

Lamma: Guide to Lebanese Arak https://www.bylamma.com/arak-guide

Libanon Weine: Lebanese Wine Regions Map https://libanonweine.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lebanon-Wine-Regions.jpg

L'Orient-LeJour: Les années libanaises de Charles de Gaulle, Goursaud, L. (18 June 2024) https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1417567/les-annees-libanaises-de-charles-de-gaulle.html

L'Orient Today: In the Vineyards of Southern Lebanon and the Bekaa, 'War is not over,' Gemayel, F. & Goursoud, L. (8 September 2025) https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1476530/in-the-vineyards-of-southern-lebanon-and-the-bekaa-war-is-not-over.html

The New Arab: 'Our Identity, Heritage, and History': The Damaged Lebanese wineries reclaiming their legacy after Israel's war, Rayday, R. (4 December 2024) https://www.newarab.com/features/damaged-lebanese-wineries-reclaiming-their-legacy-after-war

Organisation International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) Lebanon's viniviticultural sector in the spotlight (28 September 2018) https://www.oiv.int/lebanons-vitivinicultural-sector-in-the-spotlight

Roman Empire Times: Born in the Purple: The Imperial Color of the Roman Empire, Athanasiou, C. (17 September 2024) https://romanempiretimes.com/born-in-the-purple-imperial-color-roman-empire/

Seven Fifty Daily: Exploring the World of Lebanese Wine - Beyond Chageau Musar, Magrini, C.S. (28 February 2022) https://daily.sevenfifty.com/exploring-the-world-of-lebanese-wine-beyond-chateau-musar/

Union Vinicole du Liban https://www.lebanonwines.com/

World Atlas: All 195 Countries Ranked By Total Area (Smallest To Largest) https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/the-smallest-countries-in-the-world.html#h_3361032045781699280567109

Glass in Session Episodes Referenced in this Episode:

S12E2: Algerian Wine Then and Now https://glassinsession.libsyn.com/algerian-wine-then-now-s12e2

S11E4: Corsican Wine, Grapes, History … and a Grave with Goblets! https://glassinsession.libsyn.com/s11e4-corsican-wine-grapes-history-and-a-grave-with-goblets

S8E5: Wines of Cyprus, Kings, and Commandaria https://glassinsession.libsyn.com/s8e5-wines-of-cyprus-kings-and-commandaria

S8E4: Let's Absinthe https://glassinsession.libsyn.com/s8e4-lets-absinthe

S5E6: Wines of Israel and Giving Thanks https://glassinsession.libsyn.com/s5e6-wines-of-israel-and-giving-thanks

Link to my new audiobook narration on audible: https://www.audible.com/pd/B0GZ89935Y/?source_code=AUDFPWS0223189MWU-BK-ACX0-509956&ref=acx_bty_BK_ACX0_509956_pd_us

Glass in Session® swag mentioned in this show: https://www.teepublic.com/user/glass-in-session

Glass in Session® is a registered trademark of Vino With Val, LLC.

Music: "Write Your Story" by Joystock (Jamendo.com cc_Standard License, Jamendo S.A.)