Vinod is a professor of computer science at MIT and a principal investigator in the IT Computer Science and AI Lab. He completed his Bachelor's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2003, and his PhD in 2009 from MIT.  His main supervisor was Shafi Goldwasser. Vinod is seen as a world leader in the area of cryptography, especially within fully homomorphic encryption. He has co-authored many classic papers and which are seen as third generation of homomorphic encryption, including on "Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions", and "Fully homomorphic encryption over integers". In 2022, he was a co-recipient of the Godel (Gurden) Prize. Vinod is also the co-founder and chief cryptographer at Duality Technologies.