This week we take a look at a year of utter chaos during the early years of the Roman Empire. The year 69 CE where 4 men vied for the position of Emperor after Nero's death. 

Logo Design: Vanessa Chavez

Sources:

The Lives of the Twelve Emperors by C. Suetonius Tranquillus -

Alexander Thomson, M.D. Translation: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6400/6400-h/6400-h.htm

J.C. Rolfe Translation: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/home.html

Year of the Four Emperors: A Complete Overview by Marian Vermueulen: https://www.thecollector.com/year-of-the-four-emperors-overview/

The Roman Empire In the First Century Galba et Al: https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/galba.html

Cassius Dio:  https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html

Legionary Eagle and Army Standards: https://www.kalkriese-varusschlacht.de/en/the-varus-battle/the-romans/the-roman-army/legionary-eagle-and-army-standards/

Decimation: https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/decimation/

Tarraco: https://www.livius.org/articles/place/tarraco-tarragona/

Golden House of an Emperor by Federico Gurgone: https://www.archaeology.org/issues/187-1509/features/3562-golden-house-of-an-emperor

Was Nero Responsible For the Great Fire of Rome?: https://www.history.co.uk/article/was-nero-responsible-for-the-great-fire-of-rome

The Great Fire of Rome: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/great-fire-rome-background/1446/

Nero's Rome Burns: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/neros-rome-burns#:~:text=The%20great%20fire%20of%20Rome,the%20fiddle%20while%20it%20burned.

Emperor Nero: Facts & Biography by Owen Jarus: https://www.livescience.com/40277-emperor-nero-facts.html

Roman Republic by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Roman-Republic

Augustus by Michael Grant: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Augustus-Roman-emperor

Galba by E. Badian: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galba

Gaius Julius Vindex by he Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaius-Julius-Vindex

Suetonius by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suetonius

Fabula Atellana by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/art/fabula-Atellana

Otho by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otho

Judaea by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Judaea

First Jewish Revolt by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Jewish-Revolt