What happens when the conviction of a large group is based on vague and inconsistent evidence in a land dispute turned violent?

The Supreme Court revisits constructive liability under Section 149 IPC, raising probing questions on the treatment of bystanders in unlawful assemblies.

Key Takeaways:

✅ Mere presence at the scene does not establish guilt under Section 149 IPC.

✅ Courts must separate truth from embellishment and avoid convicting passive bystanders.

✅ The prosecution must prove “common object” beyond reasonable doubt for group liability.

Statutes:

✅ Section 147, 148, 149, 302, 324, 323 IPC

✅ Section 27, Arms Act

✅ Section 154, 161 CrPC

#SupremeCourt #CriminalLaw #Section149 #UnlawfulAssembly