Evolution of Bioenergetics – with a Focus on Prokaryotes
Hadean Eon (4.6–4 billion years ago): Chemical evolution → Prerequisite for complex biomolecules
Archaean Eon (from approx. 4 billion years ago): Biological evolution: Emergence of the first prokaryotes and energy production

13 Stages of Bioenergetic Evolution
Stage 0: Initial conditions
Stage 1: Glycolysis
Stage 2: Binding of H⁺ to organic molecules
Stage 3: Proton pump
Stage 4: Electron transport chain develops

Prokaryotes as “inventors”
Geology and fossils
Challenges
Chemical foundation: Redox reactions

Precambrian period:

https://anthrowiki.at/Pr%C3%A4kambrium (17.04.25, 10:31)

Black Smoker: 

https://www.vulkane.net/vulkanismus/geysire/blacksmoker.html (17.04.2025, 15:32)

Dark oxygen in the deep sea (electrolysis of H2O by manganese nodules):

https://www.scinexx.de/news/geowissen/tiefsee-erzeugt-dunklen-sauerstoff/(16.05.2025, 09:43)

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