The paper explores the complex interplay between the sensory nervous system and the immune system, highlighting how specialized sensory neuron subtypes modulate peripheral immune responses. It details the remarkable heterogeneity of sensory neurons, including peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors, C-LTMRs, and vagal neurons, and their distinct roles in detecting threats and coordinating protective responses. The review discusses how these neurons, through the release of mediators like CGRP, substance P, and glutamate, influence various immune cell populations and inflammatory processes, leading to diverse outcomes such as pain, itch, tissue repair, and pathogen defense. Ultimately, the text emphasizes the context-dependent nature of neuro-immune interactions and the need for further research to fully understand their dynamic roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.

References:

• Crosson T, Bretaud N, Ugolini S. Role of specialized sensory neuron subtypes in modulating peripheral immune responses[J]. Immunity, 2025, 58(5): 1161-1174.