This paper outlines the revolutionary impact of immunotherapy on early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acknowledging its significant benefits while highlighting the inconsistency of current biomarker predictions. It emphasizes the importance of integrated multiomic approaches, combining tumor characteristics, immune microenvironment, and systemic factors, to enhance patient stratification and treatment selection. The article traces the evolution of treatment strategies, from initial neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to combined chemoimmunotherapy and perioperative approaches, noting the variable responses observed. Finally, it proposes a roadmap for precision immunotherapy, advocating for a dynamic, multi-dimensional biomarker-driven framework that incorporates longitudinal sampling, spatial analyses, and advanced computational methods to personalize treatment and improve patient outcomes.

References:

• Vaccaro A, Rahal Z, Kadara H, et al. A Roadmap to Precision Immunotherapy for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. Cancer Discovery, 2025, 15(5): 884-889.