In this episode I welcome Dr. George Hartshorn, an anesthesiology resident at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City. After a brief intro, I ask George to dive right in and help us explore this notion that there are inherently good and bad carbs. We start by simply defining a carbohydrate. Next we differentiate between simple and complex carbs and how that distinction is captured in the concept of glycemic index. We then talk about how our bodies break apart glucose and how that process is different with respect to fructose, the sweet sugar in fruit and candy.We spend the remainder of the show talking about insulin, it's role in metabolism and how insulin-related disorders impact your long-term health.00:00:00 Intro00:13:55 What is a carb?00:16:16 Simple vs. complex carbs00:20:20 Glycemic index00:30:00 Metabolizing glucose00:35:00 Glycolysis 00:36:32 Glucose vs. fructose00:48:54 Insulin response00:54:12 Insulin resistance01:01:03 The liver01:06:23 Exercise is medicine