Jim suggests people read the books:Betting On The Africans by Philip E. Muehlenbeck.

JFK: Ordeal in Africa by Richard D. Mahoney, The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.

King Leopold's Ghost by Adam Hochschild, Who Killed Hammerskjold? by Susan Williams.

CAPA conference in Dallas approaching fast!

September 27th is the 60th anniversary of the release of the Warren Commission.

NBC & CBS ran special programming the day the Warren Commission released

CBS coached the witnesses before being recorded.

26 volumes of hearing transcripts & depositions released two months later.

When JFK was assassinated, 75% of the public believed the government, this decreased steadily.

Many people don't know how much Kennedy supported & cared about the independence of Africa.

JFK was the first President to campaign on the behalf of Africa, making his famous speech in 1957.

JFK chairman of the subcommittee for the African Foreign Relations committee.

In just 50 years of Belgium control, 50% of the African population was eliminated.

England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, France & Portugal all had controlling interests by 1900's.

Berlin Conference held by Prince Bismark in 1884 significant in organized takeover.

Congo was the 2nd largest country in Africa, & the 11th largest country in the world.

International Congo Society formed by Leopold II, in his quest to obtain natural resources of Congo.

Congo controlled by Leopold II from 1885-1908 & then annexed by Belgium as a formal colony.

Leopold II encouraged US to back up annexation of Congo.

Ho Chi Minh appealed to Harry Truman to stop France from returning to Vietnam.

Roosevelt wanted to end the Imperialism.

US backed CIA installed DIEM government & Operation Vulture.

Richard Nixon idolized John Foster Dulles.

In 1954 JFK first heard about Operation Vulture & was vehemently opposed.

SEATO - South East Treaty Organization created by Dulles to utilize in takeover of Vietnam.

Diplomats started to go around Dulles & Eisenhower, seeking out JFK to help with Africa.

When JFK was touring in 1959, he brought up the issues in Africa often, over 400 times.

Eisenhower felt the Africans were unsophisticated & lacked intelligence to run their countries.

After Kennedy was elected, he tried to buy independence for the Congo.

Dag Hammarskjold sent in UN troops to help protect Lumumba but to no avail.

After Lumumba was assassinated, Hammarskjold was assassinated & then JFK.

When Belgium pulled out of Congo, their intention was a swift withdrawal to incite extreme chaos.

Unknown to Lumumba, the Belgium government had transferred Congo gold reserve to Brussels.

Oliver Stone originally wanted Brando for the part of Mr. X in his JFK movie, not Donald Sutherland.

Both Garrison & Zach Sklar told Oliver Stone to get in contact with Fletcher Prouty.

Donald Sutherland the original producer of Executive Action, securing funding for the film.

Sutherland came all the way from Canada to do the narration for Oliver Stone's JFK film.

Late November of 1964, the 1st combat troops sent to Vietnam

Kennedy told the British that he would not be backing the Imperial Policy anymore.

The CIA sent two assassins to murder Lumumba.

They kept the murder of Lumumba secret from JFK. Why?

Famous photo of JFK taken on February 13, 1961 as JFK informed about Lumumba's murder.

When JFK was assassinated, his Congo policy was buried with him.